I had initially planned to offer the same resources here for Linux that I have for Mac and Windows but, reluctantly, these plans are currently on hold.
I am Mac based and am only able to run Linux in a virtual machine, where VCVRack has proved unstable and unusable. The situation is undoubtably different for a native install, where many users have reported successful use, but I am currently unable to do this and therefore cannot accurately report on the successful compilation and use of modules.
My experiments thus far have been with Ubuntu 17.10 on Parallels 13 for OS X. I will continue to investigate other setups and distributions and should the situation change I will revisit providing resources for Linux.
The binary release of 0.4.0 crashes Ubuntu 17.10 upon any attempt to add modules, necessitating a reboot.
I have managed to compile Rack 0.4.0 on Ubuntu by installing the following: git cmake libx11-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libxinerama-dev zlib1g-dev libasound-dev g++ libglu1-mesa-dev libgtk2.0-dev.
At the time of writing (11/11/17) I have managed to build all currently available modules (with the exception of 'dBiz' and 'MS-Modules') for 0.4.0. You can download a script for this: lbuild_0.4.0_all.sh.zip. Attempting to run the resulting installation for me results in an immediate crash of Ubuntu 17.10, before the GUI has loaded, necessitating a reboot.
At the time of writing (11/11/17) I have managed to compile dev and the same currently available modules that work on Mac and Windows without any issues or tweaks. You can download a script for this: lbuild_dev_all.sh.zip. The resulting installation fires up and there are no issues with loading modules; however, sliders and knobs do not respond correctly. This appears to be due to a problem with the graphics engine specifically caused by running it inside a virtual machine.
Note that at the time of writing (11/11/17) the scripts for installing dev are currently identical to the Windows scripts on this site, and this may continue to be the case in the future, so you can always attempt to run these scripts on Linux and see if it works for you.